DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-androsten-3 #946;-ol-17-one)
  
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-androsten-3 #946;-ol-17-one)
Background
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) is an endogenous hormone (made in the human body), and secreted by the adrenal gland. DHEA serves as precursor to male and female sex hormones (androgens and estrogens). DHEA levels in the body begin to decrease after age 30, and are reported to be low in some people with anorexia, end-stage kidney disease, type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes), AIDS, adrenal insufficiency, and in the critically ill. DHEA levels may also be depleted by a number of drugs, including insulin, corticosteroids, opiates, and danazol.
No studies on the long-term effects of DHEA have been conducted. DHEA can cause higher than normal levels of androgens and estrogens in the body, and theoretically may increase the risk of prostate, breast, ovarian, and other hormone-sensitive cancers. Therefore, it is not recommended for regular use without supervision by a licensed health professional.
Synonyms
5-androsten-3 β-ol-17-one, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, DHEA-S, Prasterone.
Combination products/tradenames (examples) : Born Again's DHEA Eyelift Serum, DHEA Men's Formula, DHEA with Antioxidants 25mg, DHEA with Bioperine 50mg.
Note : DHEA can be synthesized in a laboratory using Wild yam extract . However, it is believed that wild yam cannot be converted by the body into DHEA. Therefore, information that markets wild yam as a "natural DHEA" may be inaccurate.
Wild yam synonyms : Atlantic yam, barbasco, China root, colic root, devil's bones, dioscorea, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea floribunda, Dioscorea macrostachya, Dioscorea mexicana, Dioscorea villosa , dioscoreae, Mexican yam, natural DHEA, phystoestrogen, rheumatism root, wild Mexican yam, yam, yuma.
Evidence
These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Uses based on scientific evidenceGrade*Adrenal insufficiency
Several studies suggest that DHEA may improve well-being, quality of life, exercise capacity, sex drive, and hormone levels in people with insufficient adrenal function (Addison's disease). These studies have been small, and better research is needed to provide more definitive answers. Adrenal insufficiency is a serious medical condition and should be treated under the supervision of a qualified health care provider.
C
Atherosclerosis (cholesterol plaques in the arteries)
Initial studies report possible benefits of DHEA supplementation in patients with cholesterol plaques ("hardening") in their arteries. However, better quality research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn. Other therapies are more proven in this area, and patients with high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, or heart disease should discuss treatment options with a primary healthcare provider.
C
Bone density
The ability of DHEA to increase bone density is under investigation. Effects are not clear at this time.
C
Cervical dysplasia
Initial research reports that the use of intravaginal DHEA may be safe, and may promote regression of low-grade cervical lesions. However, further study is necessary in this area before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Patients should not substitute the use of DHEA for more established therapies, and should discuss management options and follow-up with a primary healthcare provider or gynecologist.
C
Chronic fatigue syndrome
The scientific evidence remains unclear regarding the effects of DHEA supplementation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Better research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Critical illness
Unclear scientific evidence exists surrounding the safety or effectiveness of DHEA supplementation in critically ill patients. At this time, it is recommended that severe illness in the intensive care unit be treated with more proven therapies.
C
Crohn's disease
Initial research reports that DHEA supplements are safe for short-term use in patients with Crohn's disease. Preliminary research suggests possible beneficial effects, although further research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Depression
Results of studies on the use of DHEA supplements in depression do not agree with each other, with some results suggesting benefits, and others reporting no effects. Better research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Heart failure
There is conflicting scientific evidence regarding the use of DHEA supplements in patients with heart failure or diminished ejection fraction. Other therapies are more proven in this area, and patients with heart failure or other types of heart disease should discuss treatment options with a cardiologist.
C
HIV/AIDS
Although some studies suggest that DHEA supplementation may be beneficial in patents with HIV, results from different studies do not agree with each other. Most research in this area is not well designed or reported. There is currently not enough scientific evidence to recommend DHEA for this condition, and other therapies are more proven in this area.
C
Menopausal disorders
Many different aspects of menopause have been studied using DHEA as a treatment. When DHEA is applied topically (on the skin) as a cream, it may improve vaginal pain and discomfort associated with menopause. However, it is not clear whether DHEA cream has any benefits in treating osteoporosis after menopause. Early evidence suggests that DHEA is not an effective treatment for hot flashes or emotional disturbances such as fatigue, irritability, anxiety, depression, insomnia, difficulties with concentration, memory, or decreased sex drive (which may occur near the time of menopause).
C
Muscle mass / body mass
DHEA has been studied for improving body mass index, decreasing body fat, and increasing muscle mass. Early research reports that muscle mass is not increased when adding DHEA supplements to compensate for the natural decrease in dehydroepiandrosterone levels that occurs with aging (in otherwise healthy adults). It is not known if there are medical conditions in which DHEA supplementation might contribute to the preservation or improvement of muscle mass.
C
Myotonic dystrophy
There is conflicting scientific evidence regarding the use of DHEA supplements for myotonic dystrophy. Better research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Ovulation disorders
There are low quality studies that suggest DHEA supplementation may be beneficial in women with ovulation disorders. However, results of research in this area are conflicting, and safety is not established. There is currently not enough scientific evidence to form a clear conclusion about the use of DHEA for this condition.
C
Schizophrenia
Initial research reports benefits of DHEA supplementation in the management of negative, depressive, and anxiety symptoms of schizophrenia. Further study is needed to confirm these results before a firm conclusion can be drawn.
C
Septicemia (serious bacterial infections in the blood)
Unclear scientific evidence exists surrounding the safety or effectiveness of DHEA supplementation in septic patients. At this time, more proven therapies are recommended.
C
Sexual function / libido / erectile dysfunction
The results of studies vary on the use of DHEA in erectile dysfunction and sexual function, in both men and women. Better research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Most research of DHEA supplementation in patients with SLE (lupus) is not well designed or reported. Results of various studies do not agree with each other, with some results suggesting benefits, and others reporting no effects. Better research is necessary before a clear conclusion can be drawn.
C
Alzheimer's disease
Initial research reports that DHEA does not significantly improve cognitive performance or change symptom severity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Additional study is warranted in this area.
D
Brain function and well-being in the elderly
Some textbooks and review articles suggest that DHEA supplements may improve brain function, memory, and overall feelings of well-being in the elderly. However, most studies in this area report no benefits. Additional study is warranted in this area.
D
Immune system stimulant
It is suggested by some textbooks and review articles that DHEA can stimulate the immune system. However, current scientific evidence does not support this claim.
D
* Key to grades
A: Strong scientific evidence for this use;
B: Good scientific evidence for this use;
C: Unclear scientific evidence for this use;
D: Fair scientific evidence against this use (it may not work);
F: Strong scientific evidence against this use (it likely does not work).
Uses based on tradition or theory
The below uses are based on tradition or scientific theories. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.
Aging, allergic disorders, amenorrhea associated with anorexia, andropause/andrenopause, angioedema, anxiety, asthma, bone diseases, bone loss associated with anorexia, bladder cancer, breast cancer, burns, colon cancer, dementia, diabetes, heart attack, high cholesterol, Huntington's disease, influenza, joint diseases, lipodystrophy in HIV, liver protection, malaria, malnutrition, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, obesity, osteoporosis, pancreatic cancer, Parkinson's disease, performance enhancement, polycystic ovarian syndrome, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), premenstrual syndrome, prostate cancer, psoriasis, sleep disorders, Raynaud's phenomenon, rheumatic diseases, skin graft healing, stress, tetanus, ulcerative colitis, viral encephalitis, weight loss.
Dosing
The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy.
Note:
Some products are micronized and compounded with polyunsaturates. Information on the safety of long-term use of DHEA supplements is not available.
Capsules/Tablets:
Addison's disease : 50 milligram doses taken daily by mouth have been used for Addison's disease/adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insufficiency is a serious medical condition and should be treated under the supervision of a qualified health care provider.
Depression : 30-90 milligrams per day of DHEA has been used for depression. Higher doses of 200 to 500 milligrams per day have been studied for depression in HIV/AIDS.
Crohn's disease/ulcerative colitis : 200 milligrams daily has been used in a small pilot study for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) : 50 to 200 milligrams of DHEA daily has been used in multiple studies for treatment of lupus.
Intravenous:
Dementia (multi-infarct) : 200 milligrams of DHEA daily has been studied for multi-infarct dementia given intravenously. Safety is not established.
Cream:
Menopausal symptoms : A 10 percent cream rubbed over a 20-centimeter by 20-centimeter area on both thighs once daily has been used for vaginal discomfort associated with menopause.
Children (younger than 18 years):
The dosing and safety of DHEA are not well studied in children. In theory, DHEA could interfere with normal hormone balance and growth in children.
Safety
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.
Allergies
Avoid if allergic to DHEA products.
Side Effects and Warnings
Few side effects are reported when DHEA supplements are taken by mouth in recommended doses. The most common complaints include fatigue, nasal congestion, and headache. There are rare reports of rapid/irregular heartbeats or palpitations. People taking DHEA supplements may be more prone to develop blood clots or liver damage, although these effects have not been widely studied in humans. Individuals with a history of abnormal heart rhythms, blood clots or hypercoagulability, and those with a history of liver disease, should avoid DHEA supplements.
Because DHEA is a hormone related to other male and female hormones, there may be side effects related to its hormonal activities. For example, masculinization may occur in women, including acne, facial hair, hair loss, increased sweating, weight gain around the waist, or a deeper voice. Likewise, men may develop more prominent breasts (gynecomastia) or breast tenderness. Men may also experience increased blood pressure, testicular wasting, or increased aggressiveness.
DHEA supplementation may alter the production or balance of various other hormones in the body. Hormonal-related side effects may include increased blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, altered cholesterol levels, altered thyroid hormone levels, and altered adrenal function. Caution is advised in patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia, high cholesterol, thyroid disorders, or other endocrine (hormonal) abnormalities. Serum glucose, cholesterol and thyroid levels may need to be monitored by a healthcare provider, and medication adjustments may be necessary.
In theory, DHEA may increase the risk of developing prostate, breast, or ovarian cancer. Based on laboratory research, DHEA may contribute to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Other side effects may include insomnia, agitation, delusions, mania, nervousness, irritability, or psychosis.
High DHEA levels have been correlated with Cushing's syndrome, which may be caused by excessive supplementation.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
DHEA is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Because DHEA is a hormone, it may be unsafe to the fetus or nursing infants. DHEA has caused abortions in rat studies.
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